Biological Survey of Ironwood Forest National Monument

References

Anderson, E. F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

Anderson, R. S., and T. R. Van Devender. 1991. Comparison of pollen and macrofossils in packrat (Neotoma) middens: A chronological sequence from the Waterman Mountains of southern Arizona, U.S.A. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 68:1-28.

Brown, D. E., and C. H. Lowe. 1982. Biotic Communities of the Southwest. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experimental Station, U.S. Forest Service. General Technical Report RM-78 (map).

Arizona Register of Big Trees. 2000. Arizona Register of Big Trees. P.O. Box 222, Higley, Arizona 85236.

Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 2000. Desert Ironwood Primer: Biodiversity and Uses Associated with Ancient Legume and Cactus Forests in the Sonoran Desert. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona 85743.

Bowers, J.E., and R.M. Turner. 2001. Dieback and episodic mortality of Cercidium microphyllum (foothill palo verde), a dominant Sonoran Desert tree. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 128:128-140.

Bowers, J.E., and R.M. Turner. 2002. The influence of climatic variability on local population dynamics of foothill palo verde (Cercidium microphyllum). Oecologia 130:105-113.

Brown 1982. Biotic communities of the American Southwest-United States and Mexico. Desert Plants 4:3-342. University of Arizona Press.

Búrquez, A. 1999. Arbol de la Vida. El Imparcial; Junio (segmentos cada Domingo para 4 semanas). Hermosillo, Sonora.

Búrquez, A. and M. Quintana. 1994. Islands of diversity: ironwood ecology and the richness of perennials in a Sonoran Desert biological reserve. In G. P. Nabhan and J. L. Carr (eds.). Ironwood: An Ecological and Cultural Keystone of the Sonoran Desert, pp. 9-27. Occasional Papers in Conservation Biology, Occasional Paper No 1. Washington D. C.

Búrquez, A., M.E. Miller, A. Martínez-Yrízar. 2002. Mexican grasslands, thornscrub, and the transformation of the Sonoran Desert by the invasive exotic buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare). In Tellman, B. (ed.). 2002. Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Studies in Natural History. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Bury, R.B., R.A. Luckenbach, and S.D. Busack. 1977. Effects of off-road vehicles on vertebrates in the California desert, USA. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Res. Rep. 8:1-23.

Busack, S.D. and R.B. Bury. 1974. Some effects of off-road vehicles and sheep grazing on lizard populations in the Mojave Desert. Biological Conservation 6:179-183.

California Desert Conservation Area Plan. 1980 (amended 1999). U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. (Supporting documents contain data on vegetation and wildlife density in desert washes.)

Cave, George H. III. 1982. Ecological effects of fire in the upper Sonoran Desert. Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University. 124 p. Thesis.

Chambers, N. and T.O. Hawkins. No date. Invasive plants of the Sonoran Desert. Publ. by Sonoran Institute and Environmental Education Exchange.

Diario Oficial de la Federación. 1994. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-ECOL, Diario Oficial 1994. Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, Tomo CDLXXXVIII No. 10, May 16, 1994, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.

Dimmitt, M. A. 2000a. Flowering plants of the Sonoran Desert Pp. 153-264 in S. J. Phillips and P. W. Comus (eds.). A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Press/University of California Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Dimmitt, M. A. 2000b. Biomes & communities of the Sonoran Desert region. Pp. 3-18 in S. J. Phillips and P. W. Comus (eds.). A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Press/University of California Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Esque, T.C. and C.R. Schwalbe. 2002. Alien annual grasses and their relationship to fire and biotic change in Sonoran Desertscrub. In Tellman, B. (ed.). 2002. Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Studies in Natural History. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Ewell, J.J. 1986. Invasibility: Lessons from south Florida. In Mooney, H.A. and J.A. Drake (eds.). 1986. Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. Springer-Verlag. New York.

Felger, R.S. 2000. Flora of the Gran Desierto and Río Colorado of Northwestern Mexico. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Felker, P. and P. R. Clark. 1981. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation (acetylene-reduction) in desert ironwood. Oecologia 48:292-293.

Garcia-Moya, E. and C. M. McKell. 1970. Contribution of shrubs to the nitrogen economy of a desert-wash plant community. Ecology 51:81-88.

Gentry, A. H. 1995. Diversity and floristic composition of neotropical dry forests Pp. 146-194 In S. H. Bullock and E. Medina (eds.), Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Gentry, Howard Scott. 1958. The natural history of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) and its cultural aspects. Economic Botany. 12(3): 261-295.

Gillette, D. A., and J. Adams. 1983. Accelerated wind erosion and prediction of rates. In R. H. Webb and H. G. Wilshire (eds.), Environmental effects of off-road vehicles: impacts and management in arid regions. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Henrickson, J. 1999. Studies in New World Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) Sida 18:783-807.

Hine, Richard. 1999. Diseases of Urban Plants. University of Arizona College of Agriculture online publication (http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/az1124/urban.html).

Hunter, K. L., J. L. Betancourt, B. R. Riddle, T. R. Van Devender, K. L. Cole, and W. G. Spaulding. 2001 Ploidy race distributions since the last glacial maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata. Global Ecology & Biogeography 10:521-533.

Humphrey, Robert R. 1974. Fire in the deserts and desert grassland of North America. In: Kozlowski, T. T.; Ahlgren, C. E., eds. Fire and ecosystems. New York: Academic Press: 365-400.

Kearney, T. H., and R. H. Peebles. Arizona Flora. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Kraugman, S. L. 1948. Seeds of woody plants in the United States. USDA Agriculture
Handbook 450, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.

Lavin, M. 1988. Systematics of Coursetia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Systematic Botany Monographs, Vol. 21. The American Society of Plant Taxonomists.

Lovich, J.E. and D. Bainbridge. 1999. Anthropogenic degradation of the Southern California desert ecosystem and prospects for natural recovery and restoration. Environmental Management 24(3):309326.

Luckenbach, R.A. 1978. An analysis of off-road vehicle use on desert avifaunas. Transactions of the 43rd North American Wildlife Conference 43:157-162.

McAuliffe, J. R. 1984a. Prey refugia and distributions of two Sonoran Desert cacti. Oecologia 65:82-85.

McAuliffe, J. R. 1990. Palo verdes, pocket mice and bruchid beetles: interrelationships of seeds, dispersers and seed predators. Southwestern Naturalist 35: 329-337.

McLaughlin, S.P., and J.W. Bowers. 1982. Effects of wildfire on a Sonoran Desert plant community. Ecology 63:246-248.

Malusa, Jim, Bill Halvorson, and Deborah Angell. 2003. Distribution of the exotic mustard Brassica tournefortii in the Mohawk Dunes and Mountains, Arizona. Desert Plants 19:31-36.

Mauz, Kathryn. 1999. Flora of the Sawtooth Mountains, Pinal, County, Arizona. Desert Plants 15(2): 3-27. University of Arizona Press.

Mills, L. S., M. E. Soulé, and D. F. Doak. 1993. The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. Bioscience 43:219-224.

Mueller-Dombois, Dieter, and Heinz Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Nabhan, G. P. 1993. Papago Fields: Arid Lands Ethnobotany and Agricultural Ecology. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Nabhan, G. P. and H. Suzán. 1994. Boundary effects on endangered cacti and their nurse plants in and near a Sonoran Desert biosphere reserve. In G. P. Nabhan and J. L. Carr (eds.). Ironwood: An Ecological and Cultural Keystone of the Sonoran Desert, pp. 9-27. Occasional Papers in Conservation Biology, Occasional Paper No 1. Washington D. C.

Nobel, P. S. 1980. Morphology, surface temperatures, and northern limits of columnar cacti in the Sonoran Desert. Ecology 61:1-7.

Olsen, Mary. 1999. Diseases of urban plants in Arizona. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension publication no. AZ 1124.

Richards, L. (ed.). Arizona Rare Plant Guide. Arizona Rare Plant Committee.

Rondeau, R., T. R. Van Devender, C. D. Bertelsen, P. Jenkins, R. K. Wilson, and M. A. Dimmitt. 1996. Annotated flora and vegetation of the Tucson Mountains, Pima County, Arizona. Desert Plants 12:3-46.

Rutman, S. and L. Dickson. 2002. Management of buffelgrass on Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. In Tellman, B. (ed.). 2002. Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Studies in Natural History. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Salo, L.F. In review. Ecology of red brome (Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens) in the southwestern United States.

Shreve, F. 1924/1925. An unusually arid season in southern Arizona. In Carnegie Yearbook, vol. 24. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

Shreve, F. 1964. Vegetation of the Sonoran Desert. In Shreve, F. and I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California.

Solís-Garza, G. 1993. El "Palo Fierro" (Olneya tesota A. gray) en el Estado de Sonora. Folleto Técnico Num. 1. Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulicos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias, Centro de
Investigacion regional del Noroeste, and Campo experimental "Todos santos." La Paz, Baja California Sur, México.

Solís-Garza, G. and M. Espericueta Betancourt. 1997. Evaluación poblacional Actual del Mezquite y Palo fierro en Ambientes Aridos Sujetos a un Aprovechamiento Continuo. Departamento de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas, Universidad de Sonora. Hermosillo, Sonora, México.

Steenbergh, W. F. and C. H. Lowe. 1983. Ecology of the saguaro III. Growth and demography. National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series, number 17.

Suzán, H. 1994. Ecological effects of exploitation on Olneya tesota Gray and associated species in the Sonoran Desert. Dissertation. Arizona State University. Tempe, Arizona.

Suzán, H., G. P. Nabhan, and D. T. Patten. 1996. The importance of Olneya tesota as a nurse plant in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:635-648.

Suzán, H., G. Malda, D. T. Patten and G. P. Nabhan. 1999. Effects of exploitation and park boundaries on legume trees in the Sonoran Desert. Conservation Biology 13:1497-1501.

Swetnam, T. W. 1990. Fire history and climate in the southwestern United States. In J.S. Krammes (technical coordinator), Effects of fire management of Southwestern natural resources. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-GTR-191. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Swetnam, T.W. and Betancourt, J.L. 1998. Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal-scale climate variability in the American Southwest. Journal of Climate 11: 3128-3147.

Szarek, S. R. 1979. Primary productivity of four North American deserts: indices of efficiency. Journal of Arid Environments 2(3).

Tellman, B. 1997. Exotic pest plant introductions in the American Southwest. Desert Plants 13(1): 3-10.

Tellman, B. 2002. Human introduction of exotic species in the Sonoran region. In Tellman, B. (ed.). 2002. Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Studies in Natural History. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Tewksbury, J. J. and C. Petrovich. 1994. The influences of ironwood as a habitat modifier species: A case study on the Sonoran Desert coast of the Sea of Cortez. In G. P. Nabhan and J. L. Carr (eds.). Ironwood: An Ecological and Cultural Keystone of the Sonoran Desert, pp. 9-27. Occasional Papers in Conservation Biology, Occasional Paper No 1. Washington D. C.

Tewksbury, J. J., G. P. Nabhan, D. Norman, H. Suzán, J. Tuxill, and J. Donovan. 1998. In situ conservation of wild chiles and their biotic associates. Conservation Biology 13:98-107.

Turner, R. M. 1963. Growth in four species of Sonoran Desert trees. Ecology 44:760-765.

Turner, R. M., and D. E. Brown. 1982. Sonoran desertscrub. Desert Plants 4:181-221.

Turner, R. M., J. E. Bowers, and T. L. Burgess. 1995. Sonoran Desert Plants: An Ecological Atlas. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Turner, R. M., R. H. Webb, J. E. Bowers, and J. R. Hastings. 2003. The Changing Mile Revisited. University of Arizona Press. Tucson.

Van Devender, T. R., C. D. Bertelsen, and J. F. Wiens. 1994. Abutilon parishii S. Watson. Status Report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, AZ.

Van Devender, T. R., J. I Mead, and A. M. Rea. 1991. Late Quaternary plants and vertebrates from Picacho Peak, Arizona, with emphasis on Scaphiopus hammondii (western spadefoot). The Southwestern Naturalist 36:302-314

Van Devender, T. R., and J. F. Wiens. 1993. Holocene changes in the flora of Ragged Top, south-central Arizona. Madroño 40:246-264.

Van Devender, T. R. 2000. The deep history of the Sonoran Desert. Pp. 61-69 in S. J. Phillips and P. W. Comus (eds.). A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Press/University of California Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Van Devender, T. R., A. C. Sanders, R. K. Wilson, and S. A. Meyer. 2000. Vegetation, flora, and seasons of the Río Cuchujaqui, a tropical deciduous forest near Alamos. Pp. 36-101 In R. H. Robichaux and D.A. Yetman (eds.), University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.

Vander Wall, S. B. 1980. The structure of Sonoran Desert bird communities: effects of vegetation structure and precipitation. PhD. Dissertation. Utah State University. Logan, Utah.

Webb, R.H., H.C. Ragland, W.H. Godwin, and D. Jenkins. 1978. Environmental effects of soil property changes with off-road vehicle use. Environmental Management 2:219-233.

West, P. and G.P. Nabhan. 2002. Invasive plants: Their occurrence and possible impact on the Central Gulf Coast of Sonora and the Midriff Islands in the Sea of Cortés. In Tellman, B. (ed.). 2002. Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Studies in Natural History. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.

Wiens, J. F. 1990. Noteworthy collections in Arizona. Madroño 37:216-217.

Wiens, John F. 1991. Vascular plants of the Silver Bell Mountains. The Plant Press 15(2):1, 6-11. (Arizona Native Plant Society newsletter.)

Wiens, John F. 1996. Vegetation of Pan Quemado. The Plant Press 20(1):1, 5-15. (Arizona Native Plant Society newsletter.)

Wiens, John F. 2000. Vegetation and Flora of Ragged Top, Pima County, Arizona. Desert Plants 16(2): 3-32. University of Arizona Press.

Wilshire, H.G., and J.K. Nakata. 1976. Off-road vehicle effects on California’s Mojave Desert. California Geology 29:123-132.

Wilson, M.F., L. Leigh, and R.S. Felger. 2002. Invasive exotic plants in the Sonoran Desert. In Tellman, B. (ed.). 2002. Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Studies in Natural History. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona.